Russians are the fastest 100 km runners in the world

Russians are the fastest 100-km ultra-marathoners in the world A recent study on the top ten over 100 km to nationality showed that Japanese runners were the fastest. This selection of top athletes can lead to selection distortion, and the goal of this current study was to examine where the fastest 100 km runners come from, by taking into account all finishers since 1959 in 100 km runs. We analyzed data of 150'710 athletes, who completed a 100 km run between the years 1959 and 2016. To get precise estimates and plots, we only chose the nationalities with 900 and more placements that led to 24 nationalities.Histograms and density plots were performed to investigate the distribution of the race period. A linear regression analysis by gender, age and year was performed to investigate the competition time between nationalities.Histograms, density and scattering diagrams showed that some nationalities had a time limit of 14 hours. From the complete record, the runs were removed with more than 14 hours (cut record) and the same descriptive diagrams and analyzes as for the complete record were performed again. In addition to linear regression, a shortened regression with the cut record was performed to enable a conclusion for the entire sample. In order to examine a possible difference between races at home and race abroad, an interaction racetrack was included in consultation with nationality in the model. Most finishes were achieved by runners from Japan, Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy and the USA with more than 260,000 (85%) finishes. Runners from Russia and Hungary were the fastest and runners from Hong Kong and China were the slowest.

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The age of the best performance in the Duathlon

The age of peak performance in women and men duathletes – The paradigm of short and long versions in “Powerman Zofingen” The age of peak performance was examined in detail in various endurance and ultra-endurance sports;However, there is less information about Duathlon (running, cycling, running). The aim of the present study was to race the age of the peak performance of Duethlen, which run either in a short (10 km, 50 km and 5 km) or a long distance (10 km, 150 km and 30 km).From 2003 to 2017, 6'671 participants (women, n = 1,037, age 36.6 ± 9.1 years; men, n = 5 634, 40.0 ± 10,0 years) were analyzed in “Powerman Zofingen”. Looking at the finishers in 5-year-old age groups, a small main effect of sex on the race time was observed on the short distance, with men (171.7 ± 20.9 min) faster than women (186.0 ± 21.5 min). A small main effect of the age group was shown for the gender, where 20-24 years the fastest and 70-74 years were the slowest age group. No interaction of gender × age group was found.On the long range, a small main effect of gender was observed on the race time, with men (502.8 ± 56.8 minutes) around -7.6% faster than women (544.3 ± 62.8 minutes). A great main effect of the age group on the race period was shown, with the age group for 25-29 years the fastest and age group 70-74 years the slowest. A small sex × Age group Interaction on race time was found with a gender difference from -22.4% (15-19 years) to -6.6% (30-34 years). Due to these findings, a higher age of the peak performance in the Langen was detected in the “Powerman Zofingen” as in the short distance.

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Motivation at endurance athletes

Antecedents of exercise dependence in ultra-endurance sports: Reduced basic need satisfaction and avoidance-motivated self-control The initiation and maintenance of sports and motive behavior is usually discussed in health promotion strategies. In the present study, we analyzed a sample of extreme endurance athletes and made us to predict the addiction that is a facet of a sports health risk. We are therefore based on the self-determination theory after which low psychological needs can lead to excessive compensatory behavior. We aim to unravel the effects of the need for the activity in the activity itself (exercise) and outside the activity (work / leisure) to the addiction. In addition, we suggest an anxious self-motivation as a mediator and test whether it connects a low basic need for training with a training dependency.

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Ultramarathon mit Diabetes mellitus

Ultramarathon with Type 1 Diabetes We report on the case of a 63-year-old runner with diabetes mellitus type 1, which has been needed since its 21st year of life. At the age of 32, he completed his first marathon and the first ultramarathon at the age of 34. So far, he has completed more than 90 marathons and ultramarathons. Thanks to an insulin pump and continuous blood glucose measurement, he has previously completed 48 24-hour runs with an average distance of 133 km.

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Stress for athletes

Are adolescent elite athletes less psychologically distressed than controls? A cross-sectional study of 966 Norwegian adolescents Mental stresses to teens and groups with other psychic problems such as eating disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of mental stress in young competitive sports experts and age-appropriate controls and whether prevalence Perfectionism and eating disorders are due.For this cross-sectional study, first semester came into question from all Norwegian top sports schools (n = 711) and 500 students from randomly selected ordinary grammar schools.A total of 611 athletes and 355 students as controls delivered self-report data on mental stress, perfectionism and esprobyses (body detachment and one urge for leanness) as well as their physical training / activity. A significantly higher proportion of controls was achieved over the cutoff point for pronounced mental stress. Physical activity, which was about the recommended values for this age group, a psychological burden on the controls predicted, while the opposite was found in the elite athlete sample. In both samples, perfectionist concerns said, i. Worry about mistakes, a general mental stress advance. Under the competitors, however, perfectionist concerns were particularly associated with clinically significant mental stress.In addition, the influence of eating disorders was negligible.

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Vitamin D and Ultra Marathon

Personality Traits and Vitamin D3 Supplementation Affect Mood State 12 h Before 100 km Ultramarathon Run Participation in extreme endurance sports enjoys increasing popularity, making more people involved. Participation in a 100 km run is associated with a large physiological and mental stress that can influence the reflux. The aim of this study was therefore to find out whether personality, experience and motives for participation associated with the mood and the runner’s changes and whether the supplementation with vitamin D3 influences the mood 12 hours before and 12 hours after the barrel. The subject group consisted of 20 experienced marathon and ultramarathon runners participating in a 100 km run. All participants were men between 31 and 50 (M = 40.75, SD = 7.15). The group was divided into two equal subgroups: the placebo group and the group with vitamin D3 supplements. The personality traits were assessed with the Polish version of Eysicks EPQ-R 106, and the mood states were measured twice (12 hours before and after the barrel), using the Polish version of Mathews, Chamberlain and Jones’s umacl. Motives for participating in ultramarathons were measured with the IPAO of Lipowski and Zaleski. The vitamin D3 mirrors correlated very strongly with the energetic excitement (EA) and strong hedonian tone (HT) for 12 hours before the barrel. There were no significant correlations between vitamin D3 mirrors and reflections after the barrel. In addition, extraversion correlated with tempus excitation (TA) and EA, while neurotizism moderately with Ta and Ht.

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Ice miles and their load on the body

Physiological Responses to Swimming Repetitive “Ice Miles” The swimming of so-called ice miles (1 mile swimming in water of 5 ° C and colder) is always greater popularity. Since the founding of the International Ice Swimming Association (IISA) in 2009, official races as a World Cup race and World Championships will be held. Ice swimming was demonstration sport at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi, Russia. This case study aimed to determine the body temperature and selected hematological and biochemical parameters before and after repeated “ice miles”. An experienced ice float completed six consecutive ice miles within two days. Three ice miles fulfilled the strict criteria for the definition of ice miles, while the other three were very close to the temperature limit (5.2, 6.1 and 6.6 ° C). Swimming times, changes in body temperature, and selected laboratory parameters were recorded. The athlete showed a metabolic acidosis after each ice mile (an increase in lactate and TCO2; a decrease in base surplus and HCO3) and an increase in blood sugar, cortisol and creatine kinase. The decrease in pH correlated significantly and negatively with the increase in the cortisol mirror, suggesting that this intensive movement causes a metabolic stress. The change in body core temperature between the beginning and end was negatively associated with metabolic acidosis. The increase in creatine kinase indicates skeletal muscle damage by chills after an ice mile. As a practical consequence for athletes and coach, swimming in cold water during ice miles leads to a metabolic acidosis that tries to compensate for the float with a respiratory reaction. In view of the increasing popularity of ice swimming, the results have a practical value for swimmers and supervisors (eg trainers, exercise physiologists and physicians) working with them, as our results provide a detailed description of acute physiological reactions to repeated swimming in cold conditions.

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Pacing at a teenager at a marathon attempt

Pacing of an Untrained 17-Year-Old Teenager in a Marathon Attempt Although there is an increased scientific interest in physiological reactions to endurance training, there is limited information for teenagers who participate in endurance competitions. We report on the case of an untrained 17-year-old female teenager (50.6 kg, 167 cm, Body Mass Index 18.1 kg / m2), which did not want to complete a marathon within 6 hours without preparation. The young woman missed her goal only 2 km.When the average running speed an hour has been analyzed, there was a main influence of the race lesson on the running speed, with the running speed in the fifth hour lower in the second hour. Despite a progressive decrease in running speed, it was still able to start a final spurt, which can be represented by a non-linear regression fourth degree. After five days, the creatine kinase reached the original value and the trash of hemoglobin and hematocrit showed an expansion of the plasma volume. A marathon as a teenager to run the physical health did not affect, especially when a self-dialed pace was chosen. Laboratory parameters during and after running similar changes as they have already been described for adolescents and adults after a marathon. Increased values fell back to the starting value within a few days.

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