What distinguishes UltraLauer?

Who are ultramarathon runners? For most people, the marathon over 42.195 km is the longest running route you know. But there are running tracks in the ultramarathon, which go over many hours to light or hundreds to thousands of kilometers and miles. House and specialists are increasingly confronted with ultramarathon runners, there are more and more such competitions and ultramarathon runners in Switzerland at an international top level.

This overview summarizes the specific characteristics for Ultralaufen. The whole article can be found under https://medicalforum.ch/en/detail/doi/smf.ch/deten/detail/doi/smf.2020.08433

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World record in the marathon at 59 years

Physiological Profile of a 59-Year-Old Male World Record Holder Marathoner In this study, the cardioreespiratory capacity and the running economy of a 59-year-old former Olympic athlete rated a marathon in 2:30:15 h: min: s. The athlete moved with 32 years (best marathon performance: 2:13:59 h: min: s) for a period of 16 years after participating in the Olympic Games Returned. Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), breathing (VE), blood lactate concentration (LA), step frequency (SF) and tread economy (RE) were measured during a treadmill running test. His Hrmax, Vemax, Lamax and Vo2max amounted to 165 strokes / min, 115 l / min, 5.7 mmol / l and 65.4 ml / min. His marathon pace was his running economy 210 ml × kg-1 × km-1 with a frequency of 199 ± 0.55 s × min-1 and its oxygen intake corresponded to 91% of its Vo2max. This study shows that it has succeeded in the 59-year-old former Olympic marathon runner despite a 16-year training break, to limit the age-related power of performance to “5% per decade.

Pacing in Ultra Triathlon

Ultra-triathlon-Pacing, performance trends, the role of nationality, and sex differences in finishers and non-finishers Ultra-triathlons are defined as triathlons that are longer than the traditional Ironman distance and became increasingly popular in the last two decades.However, there are only a few scientific evidence for these events. Therefore, the trends in terms of performance, tempo, nationality, gender differences and rate of non-finishers were examined in ultra-triathlons. Data from 1985 to 2018 were collected, including Double Iron, Triple Iron, Quintuple Iron and Deca Iron Ultra Triathlons.A different pacing after route and gender were observed. The athletes spent less time with swimming and cycling and more time running with increasing length of distance. Women spent more time with cycling and less time running in Double Iron and Triple Iron. The performance analysis since 1985 showed a negative trend for men and women over time. Switzerland, France and Germany were the fastest nations in these ultra-triathlons.The frequency of participation of North Americans in Europe was very low (<5%), while Europeans often approached North America (\ ~ 25%). The rate of non-finishers between the sexes was similar in all races, with the exception of the Deca Iron Ultra Triathlon, which was much higher in women (\ ~ 20%).Non-finishers had slower times when swimming and cycling as a finisher. In summary, ultra-triathlets should distribute their energy depending on the gender and length of the race on swimming, cycling and running.

Liquid balance at an Ironman triathlon

Hydration Status After an Ironman Triathlon: A Meta-Analysis The Ironman is one of the most popular triathlon events in the world.Such a race includes a large number of tactical decisions for a healthy finish and the best performance. Dehydration is often postulated to reduce performance, and is known as the cause of dropouts at Ironman. Despite the importance of hydration status after an Ironman triathlon, it is clearly lacking meta-analysis studies on this topic. The aim was therefore to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis of the hydration status after an Ironman triathlon. A systematic review of literature was carried out by June 2016, which included the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science. From the first 995 references we have 6 studies involved in the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. All attempts had two measurements of hydration status after a complete Ironman race. The total body, blood and urinosmolality, the specific gravity of urine and the sodium plasma concentration were considered as hydration markers. Three researchers, independently, abstracted data to the study design, the sample size, to the features of the participants and the race, results and the quantitative data for meta-analysis. In the pooled analysis, the Ironman event seems to lead to moderate dehydration compared to the output values. Some heterogeneity and consistency indications were also observed.

Body mass and mileage

The Relationship Between Anthropometric Variables and Race Performance The key elements for the success of a particular sports competition have become an interest area for researchers. The reason for the success of Ethiopian runner has not been proven scientifically so far. The aim of this study was to document the anthropometric parameters of 10'000 meter runners and find out the relationship between these parameters and services. A descriptive field study was performed.32 Elite 10'000 meter runners participated. The data was collected as the athletics team prepared for the athletics world championship.The procedure was repeated three times for each person. The experience of male and female athletes showed a negative connection with the end time.However, there was no statistically significant correlation between age and runtime at both sexes. For both sexes, a significant positive association of body weight was observed with the term.The body size correlates positively with the term in men, but not in women.The length of the arm, the forearm, leg in both sexes and the length of the thigh in women had no significant connection with the end time.A smaller arm and calf circumference had a positive effect on the performance of both sexes.A smaller thigh circumference showed a positive connection with the performance of men. The age of the runners did not correlate with their performance.The anthropometric variables showed significantly higher values in men than in women. Experienced athletes better cut off both sexes.

Collaborated half marathon runners

Profiling Collapsing Half Marathon Runners—Emerging Risk Factors: Results from Gothenburg Half Marathon Under several serious diseases, arrhythmia and heat stroke are two important causes of death in long-distance races.Clinically, a collapse could be the first sign of these serious states and mimic the more frequent and benign-related collapse at a stamina load.Several risk factors have been given in the literature. It was a qualitative study N to find a perceived risk profile during runners collapsed during the Gothenburg Half Marathon (2010-2017) and transported to the nearest hospital with an ambulance. Collaborating runners do not seem to be able to retire despite exhaustion from the run.They feel the pain, but are unable to make sense to make sense to adapt their pace and deal with other influences.Consequently, they do not overcome the problem and do not rate the situation. These individual mental properties can indicate a unique profile for collapsing runners.

Which variables do a transcontinental influence?

Pre-race determinants influencing performance and finishing of a transcontinental 4486-km ultramarathon Determinants were examined before the race that influence the performance and finish of one of the largest transcontinental multi-stap running. Forty-five participants of the Transseurope Footrace 2009, which ran 4486 km in 64 stages (average 70.1 km daily) were analyzed in terms of training and running experience. This included years of regular endurance sports (experience), the number of finished marathons, ultramarathons and multi-stay runs, records before the race for marathon and specific UM races as well as the scope of training before the race last year before the trans-internal footrace with volume (km/ Week), duration (h / week) and intensity (km / h). The average total run speed during the transseurope footrace was 8.25 km h.71% of the subjects finished the race.The middle training volume is 5500 km. Finisher and non-finishers of trans-European footrace showed no significant difference in the determinants tested before the race. There was no connection between years of regular endurance sports, number of marathons, ultramarathons, and multi-stay runs with performance at the transseurope footrace. There was a very strong positive correlation between the intensity of the training before the race and performance at the transseurope footrace. The volume of workout before the race correlated with the performance at the transseurope footrace. Records before the race in certain ultra races (6-hour, 50 km, 100 km races) showed a high correlation performance at the transseurope footrace. The performance of the ultramarathon correlates vice versa with age. As in other endurance disciplines with shorter routes, the athletes also need a stage-specific experience, training and adaptation before the race in ultra-length multi-stage endurance sports if they want to achieve good performance.

With 85 an ironman finishene

It’s never too late to become an Ironman – The example of an 85-year-old triathlete The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of Hiromu Inada, an 85-year triathleten, who graduated from the world’s oldest athlete, the famous ‘Ironman Hawaii’ swimming from 3.8 km, 180 km cycling and 42 km.KM run. Hiromu Inada sponge in 1 h 51 min, cycled in 8 h 02 min, ran in 6 h 28 min and needed 31 min for its change zones, for a total time of 16 h 53 min. Compared to the speed of the winner Hiromu Inada was swimming, Cycling and running around 55, 47 and 58% slower. For the same age group category (85-89 years), Hiromu Inada’s age-related power drop is more pronounced compared to age-related power loss of a single discipline with a shorter duration, more strongly as a 1500 m swimming, a 1-hour railroad or a marathon. According to our knowledge, Hiromu Inada’s performance is the first description of a masterthlete that is older than 85 years and officially ended an extreme duration level.

Nutrition in training and competition for ultratriathlon

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing In this opinion, the International Society for Sportstern deities (ISSN) offers an objective and critical review of the literature, which relates to nutritional aspects for training and race in the ultra-marathon. Recommendations for training: Ultra marathon runners should aim to meet the calorie requirements of the training by pursuing an individualized and periodized strategy that includes a varied food first approach. Sportsmen should plan and implement their nutritional strategy with sufficient time to enable adjustments that improve the fat oxidation capacity. The evidence predominantly supports the absorption of a medium to high carbohydrate diet (i.e. \ ~ 60% of energy consumption, 5-8 g × kg-1 × D-1) to mitigate the negative effects of a chronic glycogen emptying through the training. The limitation of carbohydrate absorption before selected exercises with low intensity and / or moderation of daily carbohydrate recording can improve the function of mitochondria and the fat oxidation capacity.Nevertheless, this approach can affect the performance in intensive efforts. Protein recording of \ ~ 1.6 g × kg-1 × d1 is required to maintain muscle mass and support the recovery from training. In a demanding training, however, quantities of up to 2.5 g × kg-1 × d-1 may be required, recommendations for racing: To reduce calorie deficits, runners should try to run 150-400 kcal × H-1 (carbohydrates, 30-50 g × H-1; protein, 5-10 g × H-1) to consume from a variety of low-calorie food. The palatability of foods, individual tolerability and the increasing preference for hearty foods in longer races must be considered.During the race, fluid volumes of 450-750 ml × H-1 (\ ~ 150-250 ml every 20 minutes) are recommended. In order to minimize the likelihood of hyponatremia, electrolytes (mainly sodium) can be needed in concentrations higher than those provided by most commercial products (i.e.,> 575 mg × L-1 sodium). The liquid and electrolyte requirement is increased when working under hot and / or humid conditions. Today’s evidence supports progressive intestinal training and / or low-FODMAP content diets (fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol) to relieve symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort during the race. It lacks evidence of support of ketogenic diets and / or ketone esters to improve ultra-marathon performance, requiring further investigations.